Analysis of Contract Types in Construction

Analysis of Contract Types in Construction It consists of the Guest Rooms, Restaurant, Swimming Pools, Dance Studios, Health and Fitness Centre, Conference and Meeting Rooms. On the other hand, Electricity Power Supply System, Electrical Low Voltage System, Fire Services System, Central Air-conditioning System, Plumbing Drainage System, Passenger Services Lifts with cargo lift services and Building structural finishing and furnishing were re-structured and re-designed respectively into three nos. of hotels. Cause of reconstruction As three nos. of the Cinnamon Grand hotels were found destroyed by the adverse weather and several storms in August 2012, the reconstruction work was required with consent of the Hotel Management Board. Background information Profile of Consultant firm We are a consultancy service company namely ES Architect Consultant Service Company Limited, which has been established in United Kingdom since 1976. Our business covers consultancy service, construction work, renovation work, facilities property management, leasing agency, interior design and various engineering etc. Our professional team involves competent person such as registered professional, structural and geotechnical engineer etc. Recently, we are appointed to manage the reconstruction work for a hotel called Cinnamon Hotel. Subsequently, we undertake to carry out the aforesaid reconstruction work according to requirement of the client as hotels landlord. Re-open business time of the hotels will be anticipated implemented from 1st March 2013 and completed on or before 1st April 2014. To facilitate and ensure that the potential guests could enjoy their journey in the hotels after the reconstruction work in phase 1, we propose divide the work into two phases. The Roofs, Guest rooms, Restaurant and Swimming pools will be scheduled in phase 1. The Dance studios, Health and Fitness centre, Conference and Meeting rooms will be scheduled in phase 2. In order to create the prestigious and retain heritage style with traditional England design in the hotel at the town, grand design is highly required. Details information of the concerned facilities is listed below; Background information Schedule of project in Phase 1 Three ply waterproof design for three nos. of the roofs per one block of the hotel will be proposed, its lifecycle will anticipate fifteen years to replace approximately and repair cost will anticipate fifty hundred pounds per year; Roman design for the whole block (include external wall), lobbies and twenty nos. of the general guest rooms, Rococo design for twenty nos. of the general guest rooms and traditional England design for ten nos. of the president suite rooms will be proposed. Total guest rooms nos. is fifty per one block of the hotels; Continental with open kitchen design and three teams local cook lead by a chef for three nos. of the restaurant per one block of the hotels will be proposed; Alfresco indoor swimming pool with spa, massage and steam services, which is provide the thermostat system for six nos. swimming pools per one block of the hotels will be proposed. Schedule of project in Phase 2 Diversity with musical system will be set-up in the dance studios per one block of the hotel will be proposed; Professional tutors will be arranged in the health and fitness centre per one block of the hotels will be proposed; High technology multimedia system and audio-visual with record system will be set-up in the conference and meeting rooms per one block of the hotels will be proposed. Objectives Clients Requirement In view of the above arrangement of reconstruction work for three nos. of the hotels, our client is concerned with the work commencement date and completion date, which must be regarded as the first priority because the peak travel season is coming soon. Therefore, the schedule of reconstruction work should cope with the demand in order to raise the competitive predominance in the same district. Also, other major concern is no in-house experience and insufficient staff to conduct the above reconstruction work in order to avoid any nuisance and contingency occurrence emerge in the phase one and two involve cost, time and quality control. To cope with the above potential risk avoidance, we would establish clear statement for scope of work, terms conditions and penalty for liquidated damage to potential contractors. Especially, we would strictly to supervise and monitoring the service provision after the phase one project to let the potential guests enjoy their journey in the hotels. Budget by Client The client has sufficient cash flow to disburse the above reconstruction work cost in approximately at  £ $120,000,000.00 (120 Million). Recommendation Type of contract After collecting and ponder the above information with more concern, we decide to propose Design and Build contract method to our client. This method can not only to solve the technical issue deficient from client but also to avoid any variation order incurred in the future (such as budget to limit). In addition, design, materials and method suggestion of three nos. of the hotels have special ways to handle, quote instance, engrave technique for beam of Roman design in the whole block, external wall, lobbies, guest rooms, spa, massage and steam tanks with room facilities which are need to high technology and special order to complete. Design and Build contract method is highly required. In order to enhance knowledge for advantage and disadvantage for the Design and Build to our client, details are listed as below:. Analysis Advantages and Disadvantages of type of contract Advantages of Design and Build: Deduction of the Costs, Time, and Mistakes These design and build contractors are specialists in appointing both design and construction experts and making the process much easier for the property owner. For example, there is no need to hire variety of the contractors to carry out all aspects of the building project and arrangements with other subcontractors; Individual responsible party it is efficient to avoid conflict and confuse any communication between the various parties involvement; Costs saving Under a responsible party, it is more efficient due to avoidable duplication of manpower and both the design and building processes in the same company, the information between the two coincides. That means the cost of reconstruction work will be well controlled within budget because there is less possibility of miscommunication when the same design contractor is managing the two phases. Since the company is aware of the whole budget limitation, she is able to quickly and accurately determine if particular changes would put the reconstruction work over budget. Time Saving The Design and Build process could eliminate other the competitive bidding process that often adds to the project completion time. Furthermore, if the design and construction portion occur at the same time, it would save lead time during the course of the reconstruction work; Improved Risk Management Every aspect of the project has been carefully developed through the collaboration of the contractor, designer, builder, and client. Each party involved is aware of what theyre responsible for and has coordinated their efforts with one another. The process becomes more efficient to reduce the amount of risk involved; Increased Quality Control On the one hand, under a responsible party for every steps of the process promotes the more cohesive approach to the remodel. One party orchestrating each aspect of the remodel assures that the standards are met throughout and the goal is more accurately communicated On the other hand, one of the significant reasons that the clients tend to prefer adopting of the Design and Build contractors because of their ability to handle everything in house. This is very appealing to clients because it means that no one will cut corners with quality of materials or labor. It is also very beneficial to have the same contractor work for the project from start to finish. Disadvantages of Design and Build: In the past, the design phase and the build phase were separated. Firstly, the building is designed by architects. Secondly, contractors analyze the architectural design and bid on the amount that it will cost to construct the project. Thirdly, once the bid amount is agreed upon, construction takes place. When the two phases are separated, it often leads to problems. It is not uncommon for the client to become unhappy when the design conflicts with what can be built. In order to eliminate this issue, you can now use design build contractors which integrate both the design and build phase together. Conclusion Construction project delivery is changing before our eyes. Design-build once known as only one of alternative project delivery may now be the most preferred method. 1 [G. William Quatman (2003) The Architects Guide to Design-Build Services]. After collecting the above information and the requirements from our client, the Design and Build contracting methodology for transportation projects represents a significant change in the way projects, which are managed and delivered by transportation agencies. An important aspect of the Design and Build contracting methodology is developing collaboration and the business relationship between the project engineering/architect and construction contractor. The interaction of the construction contractor with the designer working as a team represents a culture shift from the traditional design and construction project team work together to resolve project design and constructability issues to deliver a quality product in an efficient manner. There is need to perform quickly on the projects, as it is in emergency the owners put the teams together to get the work completion. The complicated problems are always solved the more efficiently and with optimal solutions through collaboration. Collaboration occurs throughout a Design and Build project, not only within the Design and Build / construction team, but also with the owners.

Frog Atlas

MACROSCOPIC ANATOMY r——– Snout – – – – – External naris Brows pot Upper eyelid Nictitating membrane ~)f~~~~=:::::::::::::=;E;::: Lower eyelid †¢ Digits of Fingers .. J. —â€Å"‘1~-:S:r– Tympanic membrane Carpus or wrist †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ,~†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ~'l. ldOr— Forearm Upper arm r – – – – – – Median dorsal line . . . – – – – – – Hump (~ fl Cf TID~~ ~N. ir——– Anus WJirfi1il m i T – – – – Thigh ~l-~b~l,~lu,'1: ‘v~Arftb~t. n4 C q ~  ·, -A IV† ID ,- G t>h~ ·LW  ·Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ (M()n:Wq . Olrcl-tv-  ·. A l-y-r; F ctf,,,b ·Ã‚ · Ru'idc r – – – – Shank G(Jil'S.  ·. 91 t1 C ~pt. d :~ ‘. v lll,. g~. rt ,W). tJf!. †¦ ~. ~~ oF. ~::— Prehallux – ! â€Å"V,A(lu:il:l ~ f cJi:h~.! :,;:::>– Dig its of toes J Web –  · Tarsus or ankle _ . ,.. :† M ·)v EXTERNAL ANATOMY OF THE FROG ~——–Darkly are~ pigmented of the skin SwoJ. _J.. en thumb A MALE FROG Ventral view Diffused skin pigmentation †¢-~~–Thumb not swollen A FEMALE FROG Ventral view Met atarsals Astragalus]Tarsals Calcaneum Ischium SKELETAL SYSTEM Dorsal View Transverse process Neural spine Postzygapophysis 2nd to 8th vertebrae (Typical vertebrae) Sacral vertebra 9th vertebra) VERTEBRAL COLUMN Dorsal view ISOLATED VERTEBRAE Neural spine Neural arch Postzygapophysis Neural canal Concavity for articulation with occipital condyle Centrun ATLAS Antero-dorsal view .——–Neural spine ~—–Postzygapophysis Transverse process ~~~~——-Prezygapophysis †¦.. __ _ _ Neural canal ~~——-Centrum TYPICAL VETEBRA Antero-dorsal view centrum SACRAL VERTEBRA Postern-dorsal view Neural canal of the lOth Concavities for articulation lvi th sacral vertebra UROSTYLE Antero-latera! view Exoccipital Occipital condyle SKULL Dorsal view ~————Premaxillae orbit SKULL Ventral view LOWER JAW Dorsal view Anterior cornu Alary process Body Posterior cor-nu Thyroid process HYOID APPARATUS Ventral view ———————- Episternum Clavicle Omosternum Scapula Suprascapula Glenoid fossa. r——-. ::.. ::: PECTORAL GIRDLE Dorsal view Fenestra coracoid Epicoracoid Mesosternum Xiphistermn PELVIC GIRDLE, 1/2 (INNOMINATE BONE) Lateral view Head Deltoid ridge/'~ · Condyle Radio-ulna Longitudinal groove Centrale Ordinary carpals Metacarpals Radiale Ulnare -â€Å"†Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœo'! ;I'J !l:i(tl. =- Phalanges FOREUMB, R1ght Lataral Vtt1111 Tibio-fibula ~- Calcaneum or fib111are Astragalus or tibiale ~–~-AA~.. ,. ,'Hf– Ordinary tarsals Calcar Metatarsals ‘~~~~~~Phalanges HINDLIMB, RIGHT Ventral view ~~~——~-rr—–Temporalis ~~:. ——nm-;. ;y— Depressor mandibula ~~~~~~~~~~~~= =Dorsal1s scapula ~ ~rj;;,r–Cucullaris ~~~? // IH/IJ/II~r-†¦ ;::~=——- External Latissimus dorsi oblique m. mmr————Longiss imus dorsi llfi~~———–Ilio-lumbaris ~~~~~———-Coccygeo-sacralis ~~~~i—==========Coccygeo-iliacus ~ femoris anticus ~~~~wBwm~~———–Gluteus :f'(U~~~ ~::m. ::rn. ———— Vastus externus ~———Triceps n~~~~— femoris Semimembranosus Gracilis minor J:..!!. -.!. —- fi——–Tibialis anticus Tendon of Achilles MUSCULAR SYSTEM Dorsal view Suanentalis is 0tC r. :. ( ·s cutaneous~~~~tfl1 pectoralis Scapulo-humeralis or deltoid s epicoracofaaa– (Anterior pectoralis) –‘†Ã¢â‚¬â€-Pectoralis sternalis AU~——–PeCtoralis ~is (Posterior pectoralis) Linea alba—-~~~~1:~~~——~Rectus abdominis Inscriptiones tend inae tt,_,ie;r vn:;b? ~ .  ·~~i† n;(~~ ~. (. i d

Possible Sat Essay Topics Features

Possible Sat Essay Topics Features The questions are paraphrased for simplicity, but they supply you with a concept of the way the themes are recycled annually. There are a lot of tactics to find the info necessary for your essay. Listed here are some great topics that you may decide to write on, for your exemplification paper. You simply must be in a position to be comfortable with a couple examples, and be sure you can effectively relate them to your analysis. Keep in mind your essay shouldn't be disappointing at any point. The essay provides you with an opportunity to reveal how effectively you may read and comprehend a passage and compose an essay analyzing the passage. The SAT Essay demonstrates how well you recognize the passage and utilize it as the foundation for a well-written, thought-out discussion. Writing an essay is an essential role in academe life. Actually, you will can create a fantastic essay if you decide on its topic correctly. Bridget's essay is quite strong, but there continue to be a couple little things that could be made better. If you would like to succeed, the very first thing you are to do is to select the appropriate topic for your essay. It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics as you need opposing points which you can counter to your own points. The question isn't really seeking your opinion. A few other critical points to bear in mind when taking the test can help students avoid problems and guarantee a smooth approach. As you finalize your topic choice, be certain to pick a process you've completed many occasions and that you may explain to another person. When you're picking your topic, remember that it's much simpler to write about something which you presently have interest ineven in case you don't know a good deal about it. Whatever college essay topic you select or are assigne d, the trick is to compose a very good stand-out essay. There are lots of good topics for illustration essays to select from. The college essay is among the main elements of your college application. In some cases, it will provide an essay topic for you. Your essay rating will appear on every score report you send to colleges, irrespective of whether the school demands an essay. There's no composite SAT Essay score (the 3 scores aren't added together) and there are not any percentiles. Possible Sat Essay Topics Options If you've ever taken an on-line class, you understand how different it can be from a classic face-to-face course. You will need to understand how to compose an effective essay as it is a typical foundation for a student's grade. You are able to likewise do the essays offered in the very first section of each one of the tests in the Official Study Guide. If you would like to practice the new SAT essay, decent news! Individual schools sometimes need supplemental essays. An admissions officer is a lot more likely to try to remember an applicant who has a rather specific essay written in a distinctive and quirky way. Write about why it's going to be important to you and why you should get a college education. College students should base their selection of an area of study on the access to work in that area. So you don't actually wish to come across a topic! You will discover that lots of the topics can be adapted to suit almost any sort of writing assignment. You should fully learn more about the topic. You need to be very careful when choosing an essay topic. You don't need to acquire super technical with legal argumentative essays, but make sure to do your homework on what the present laws about your preferred topic actually say. Author names might be included, but aren't required. The Basics of Possible Sat Essay Topics Application essays about challenges reveal how you respond to difficulty to folks who are really interested in how you'll deal with the subsequent four years by yourself. Some people think that government officials must execute the will of the people they serve. Advertising and the media are now nearly inseparable from society for a whole. Our present social difficulties, which still consist of racism, need to get faced by men and women with social courage like Atticus Finch and Guy Montag.

Sociological Review of Inequality and Corruption - 2159 Words

Sociological Review Reference: A Comparative Study of Inequality and Corruption By Jong-sung You and Sanjeev Khagram From American Sociological Review Vol. 70, No. 1, 2005 I. Objectives of Study • To give a theoretical account of why income inequality increases corruption • To show the explanatory ability of income inequality and the interaction between inequality and democracy tested empirically against competing conventional explanations of corruption • To conduct a methodological study, using statistical techniques, in finding the causes of corruption. II. Methodology The study tackles the issue on corruption using both theoretical and methodological techniques to approach the hypotheses. The first part of the paper†¦show more content†¦The corrupt people will know this, of course, and will use this fact to their advantage. They will provide help, be it legal or illegal, in exchange for gaining the favor of the poor. The poor will rarely see the under-the-table dealings that take place in these transactions, as they can only see the benefits that they will be receiving from this rich person. As long as they get these benefits, it will not matter to them how it was given to them. Consequently, as this kind of behavior becomes common, people will think it is a normal practice and will see corruption as an appropriate form of behavior. • The adverse effect of inequality on corruption is larger in more democratic countries. Compared with authoritarian countries, where the leaders can just use their power to make civilians live in fear, democratic leaders cannot get away with being tyrannical to their people. Authoritarians, on the other hand, can rely both on oppression and repression as well as corruption in order to attain their goals, which are more often than not beneficial only to the leaders. 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